Why should we be excited about Gaganyaan



The Gaganyaan Programme envisages undertaking the demonstration of human spaceflight to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in the short term and will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration program in the long run. The objective of the Gaganyaan program is to demonstrate the indigenous capability to undertake human space flight missions to LEO. As part of this program, two unmanned missions and one manned mission are approved by the Government of India (GoI).



India's 'Gaganyaan' mission is likely to be launched by the end of 2022 or early 2023, Union minister Jitendra Singh said on Wednesday. The mission, originally scheduled for a launch by 2022, was delayed due to a coronavirus pandemic. It aims to launch a manned mission in the Lower Earth Orbit. Space agencies of India and France Thursday inked an agreement for cooperation for the country's first human space mission Gaganyaan.



The four gagannauts, who had returned to India from Russia in April this year after completing their over one-year specialized astronaut training for the country's maiden Gaganyaan mission, will go back to Moscow again for tailoring of their customized spacesuits. Gaganyaan (Sanskrit IAST: Gagan-yāna; transl. "Sky Craft") is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Program.

Gaganyaan crew module is a fully autonomous 5.3 t (12,000 lb) spacecraft designed to carry a 3-member crew to orbit and safely return to the Earth after a mission duration of up to seven days. The crew module is equipped with two parachutes for redundancy, while one parachute is good enough for safe splashdown. The parachutes would reduce the speed of the crew module from over 216 m/s (710 ft/s) to under 11 m/s (36 ft/s) at splashdown. The space capsule will have life support and environmental control systems. It will be equipped with an emergency mission abort and a Crew Escape System (CES) that can be activated during the first stage or second rocket stage burn. The nose of the original version of the orbital vehicle was free for a docking mechanism, but primary entry was evidently through a side hatch secured by explosive bolts.

On 22 January 2020, ISRO announced Vyommitra, a female-looking robot that will accompany the other astronauts on the mission. ISRO aims not to fly animals onboard experimental missions, unlike other nations that have carried out human space flight. Instead, it will fly humanoid robots for a better understanding of what weightlessness and radiation do to the human body during long durations in space.

Vyommitra is expected to be onboard uncrewed Gaganyaan missions to perform microgravity experiments, monitor module parameters, and support astronauts in crewed missions by simulating functions exactly like humans. It is programmed to speak Hindi and English and perform multiple tasks.

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